Esperienza, intuizione, espressione. L’antropologia filosofica di Plessner tra filosofia della vita e logica ermeneutica

Abstract

The article tries to show the importance of the critical discussion of the different forms of philosophy of life in Plessner's philosophical anthropology, which is aimed at outlining a vision of life that is different from both evolutionary and idealistic conceptions. Plessner distinguishes Bergson’s and Spengler’s intuitionistic philosophies of life from Dilthey’s philosophy of life, which considers life as historical life, accessible to understanding through the mediation of human expressions. A relevant aspect of Dilthey’s conception is his attempt to connect philosophy with experience, attributing to experience a different meaning from that which it assumes in the natural sciences. Plessner refers to Georg Misch’s interpretation of Dilthey's thought, deriving from it the need to establish a close relationship between hermeneutical logic, philosophy of nature, philosophical anthropology and the foundation of the human sciences. In this perspective, the analysis of the phenomenon of expression in all its aspects, including bodily expressions, becomes the keystone of an analysis of the human that is able to connect the natural and spiritual dimensions, and which recognizes and preserves the openness and indeterminacy of the human being, beyond the opposing one-sidedness of empiricism and rationalism.